A nation-state and its foreign policy

 

United States of America, a sophisticated foreign policy, which enshrines the basic principles of safe construction of the world and spread democracy for the benefit of the American people and the international community. The United States has played a vital role in international relations, have the most advanced in the world network of diplomatic missions. United States is a founding member of the United Nations and the North Atlantic alliance, a member of the UN Security Council. U.S. diplomacy has been very active in the resolution of almost all international conflicts and disputes. U.S. has diplomatic relations with almost all countries in the world. Democracy is proclaimed one of the main goals of U.S. foreign policy. Also, administrative office headed by the president to prepare and approve a new document - the National Security Strategy of the United States. The previous strategy was published was one of the first attempts to formulate a doctrine of security as a world power after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The basis of this document is based on a pragmatic understanding of the essence of U.S. strategy in the world and represents the goals that it set itself, proceeding from the realities of today. Some aspects of the new strategy are radically different from the previous document, and thus are of great interest to him. In practical terms, the strategy says that America must first recover its own economy, because it was on its power and founded the U.S. influence in the world. The company aims at working closely within the U.S. "Big Twenty", which is playing an increasing role in modern conditions. The new strategy states that the U.S. will continue to assist in the processes of democratization and the establishment of stability in Eastern Europe. It means the promotion of democracy in the Balkans, assistance in resolving conflicts in the Caucasus and Cyprus, as well as the continuation of strategic cooperation with Turkey for the benefit of stability in the region.

What role do judges and the judicial system play in supporting freedom?

Independence of the federal judiciary and the presence of consensus in society about the need to comply with its rulings are hallmarks of the American political system. Throughout the rest of the world another court does not actually exist, even though close possessing such exclusive power, what has the Supreme Court to allow public debate and public policy. Starting point of the U.S. political system is the individual and his rights. The Constitution established the boundaries of those actions that can be taken by the State. Federal courts have reacted to his role as defender of human rights very seriously, and the work in this area is expanded those rights. For example, despite the fact that the word "privacy" in the Constitution is not mentioned, but the Supreme Court saw the intention to protect the privacy of such provisions as the guarantee against unreasonable searches and guarantee of freedom of communication. Freedom of speech has been interpreted by the Supreme Court as a concept, extending not only to television and the Internet, but also to non-verbal forms of communication such as artistic image and the use of political symbols. After all, democracy is the protection of individual rights. Providing this protection and is the main task of the judiciary.U.S. courts may have much to share: they have a long history of independence, development law, and extensive experience managing large and diverse judiciary. Lawyers who come to the U.S. courts of less developed countries often remark deeply rooted in the United States the tradition of judicial independence and the many practical and physical benefits that it attaches to the work of a judge. One of the great advantages enjoyed by federal judges in the U.S. is a life term to protect them from political whims and worries. U.S. courts are also well endowed as the disposal of judge’s new buildings, the extensive use of automation, administrative offices and support staff, significantly facilitating judicial work.

The Power of Congress

 

 

Congress is a representative body at the federal level, legislative functions. The Constitution recognizes him legally first place in the federal government. That Congress in doctrine, policy and practice of law recognized authority who represents the United States. This is evidenced by the fact that his powers are crucial for the distribution of competence between the Union and the States, but when considering the Supreme Court cases in which the Party Congress, the party called the United States.  And what interesting, the U.S. Constitution rather modestly characterizes the role of Congress in the exercise of legislative power, leaving him no legal federal power in general, but the "legislative authority" established by the Constitution. Such a cautious formula motivated by a desire to avoid skewing the power of the legislature and its branches, which was important for the early period of U.S. history: the parliament was considered the most powerful organ of the state. This implies the desire of the founding fathers to limit its power. Traditionally it is considered that the Congress does not equal compared with the President of the functions in the sphere of foreign policy. Meanwhile, the Constitution empowers the legislature important powers in the process of foreign and military affairs. Congress may adopt rules governing the activities of the armed forces, commerce with foreign nations, recruit and retain the army, navy, provide the order calling the police to ensure the reflection attacks. Congress vested the exclusive right to declare war. An additional source of control of Congress over foreign policy is in favor of his authority to make a budget. Although the President and the Senate have the exclusive competence to conclude treaties, the requirement of funds for implementation of the agreements, increasingly involve the House of Representatives in this process. To influence the policy of the Congress is widely exercised its right to conduct investigations. Advantages of the activity Congress cannot be ignored; exaggerate flaws such participation is also not worth it. Many believe that the activity of Congress is often manifested in solving real problems and produced the desired results. At times, Congress had modest success in shaping foreign policy through the adoption procedure. Through non-legislative measures: diplomacy, consultations, legislative and executive branches and the formation of public opinion and elites, members of Congress can influence the nature of foreign policy. Using the media to create conditions for the debate remains one of the most powerful tools to influence Congress on foreign policy.

The Struggle for Democracy

The White House has always positioned itself as an example of democracy and freedom.

Annually in the State Department report criticized the country in which, according to the

Americans, did not properly respect human rights. The President, speaking about freedom and human rights, not only in America but around the world supports the development of democracy. Speaking in Washington on February 24th an official statement on the situation in Libya, Obama said that there should be made a peaceful transition to democracy, as it was in Egypt, and we are talking about the rights of people and there is nothing more to discuss. Also, American citizens may freely choose their political representatives, they have right to vote.
 The Patriot Act is very interesting object. Indeed, some American lawmakers believe that certain provisions of the law infringe on fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. Several terrorist attacks in the past decade has been averted thanks to the opportunities for intelligence gathering, which provided security services Patriot Act and other laws that ensure national security. Patriot Act is the complex of legislative measures, which significantly expands the powers of U.S. intelligence in the fight against international terrorism.